iPhone Mounting

Linux, Unpolished Gems,

The beauty of love is not in your beauty but in your ability to make it manifest.

Mostly because I have had to look up how to mount an iPhone on Linux Mint 18.0 a few times and had to look it up,I made a helper script. – iPhone-mount.sh

#!/bin/bash
 # Allow non-root users to mount with ifuse!
 #sudo nano /etc/fuse.conf
 # Allow non-root users to specify the allow_other or allow_root mount op$
 # UNCOMMENT user_allow_other

# Pair the iPhone
 idevicepair pair
 sleep 5
 # Mount it
 ifuse /home/erick/iPhone

Allow users to mount via ifuse

In /etc/fuse.conf uncomment user_allow_other to let users mount devices. This makes it easy to mount the device in your home directory for instance with full access to it.

Mint and Mounting

The iPhone mounts fine on Mint 18.0. My desktop has a newer version and I had to do work to it before mounting the iPhone worked. Apparently something got lost between versions.

https://www.dedoimedo.com/computers/linux-iphone-6.html

RNN Text Generation Using Tensorflow

Machine Learning, Text Generation, , , ,

Imagination is the power to make a difference in yourself.

After trying a few RNNa and LSTMs for text generation that rely on numpy alone it is interesting to see the performance of Tensorflow based code that is closer to the cutting edge of what is possible to do with machine learning.

I found a good and easy to use set of code in the following Github archive…

https://github.com/spiglerg/RNN_Text_Generation_Tensorflow

The requirements are simple…

numpy==1.13.3
tensorflow==1.4.0

I was running it on Conda Python 3.6 environment but, this is not a requirement. The code uses a saved folder where it can save training checkpoints, so it is possible to interrupt and resume training and also use it in a generate or “talk” mode after the model has been trained. The caveat that I learned quickly when training on a few types of files is when training each type of file that is trained into requires it’s own set of checkpoints, which is pretty obvious. So it is best to either wipe out the saved dir contents after a run on a specific corpus. OR, better yet make a subdir for the training checkpoints.

Training is basically sending it the following command…

python rnn_tf.py --input_file=data/us-constitution.txt --ckpt_file="saved/model.ckpt" --mode=train

Once trained it can be fed another command…

python rnn_tf.py --input_file=us-const-lstm/us-constitution.txt --ckpt_file="saved/model.ckpt" --test_prefix="The " --mode=talk

or if the checkpoint files have been moved to their own directory then you can use something like this…

python rnn_tf.py --input_file=us-const-lstm/us-constitution.txt --ckpt_file="saved/us-const-trained/model.ckpt" --test_prefix="The " --mode=talk

In the structure for the commands the location of the file is listed and the location of the checkpoint file as well. The generate mode allows priming with a word or phrase such as “The”.

The US Constitution is not a big corpus and I am sure this code like others would benefit from training against a larger corpus. My intent in the future for an experiment is to train it against a file containing all the posts on this site to see what it can do on that corpus.

-rw-r–r– 1 erick erick 1115394 Apr 26 12:01 shakespeare.txt
-rw-r–r– 1 erick erick   45120 Apr 26 12:59 us-constitution.txt
-rw-r–r– 1 erick erick  374605 Apr 26 13:52 my-posts.txt

When trained on the US Constitution it does very well at producing coherent text. Besides the lack of capitalization it seems to be actually to the point of memorizing parts of the text. This might be because it is a small corpus and it is overfitting.

The Senators and Representatives before mentioned, and the Members of the
several State Legislatures, and all executive and judicial Officers, both of
the United States and of the several States, shall be bound by Oath or
Affirmation, to support this Constitution; but no religious Test shall ever be
required as a Qualification to any Office or public Trust under the United
States.

Article 7.

The Ratification of the Conventions of nine States, shall be sufficient for the
Establishment of this Constitution between the States so ratifying the Same.

Sentence:
the several states, shall be bound by oath or
affirmation, to support this constitution; but no religious test shall ever be
required as a qualification to any office or public trust under the united
states.

article 7.

the ratification of the conventions of nine states, shall be sufficient for the
establishment of this constitution between the states so ratifying the same.

done in convention by the unanimous consent of the states present the
seventeenth day of september in the year of our lord on

 

 

the Case of a Bill.

Section 8
The Congress shall have Power To lay and collect Taxes, Duties, Imposts and
Excises, to pay the Debts and provide for the common Defence and general
Welfare of the United States; but all Duties, Imposts and Excises shall be
uniform throughout the United States;

To borrow money on the credit of the United States;

To regulate Commerce with foreign Nations, and among the several States, and
with the Indian Tribes;

To establish an uniform Rule of Naturalization, and un

Sentence:
the case of a bill.

section 8
the congress shall have power to lay and collect taxes, duties, imposts and
excises, to pay the debts and provide for the common defence and general
welfare of the united states; but all duties, imposts and excises shall be
uniform throughout the united states;

to borrow money on the credit of the united states;

to regulate commerce with foreign nations, and among the several states, and
with the indian tribes;

to establish an uniform rule of naturalization, and un

 

Training

Training against the corpus of blog posts on this site produced output like this and took about 4 hours of compute time.

batch: 0  loss: 4.492201328277588  speed: 121.8853488969507 batches / s
batch: 100  loss: 3.214789628982544  speed: 1.3747759497226923 batches / s
batch: 200  loss: 3.0983948707580566  speed: 1.4065962415903654 batches / s
batch: 300  loss: 2.8669371604919434  speed: 1.4141226357348917 batches / s
batch: 400  loss: 2.359729051589966  speed: 1.416853411853437 batches / s
batch: 500  loss: 2.0080957412719727  speed: 1.4160802277642834 batches / s

…

batch: 19500  loss: 0.22069120407104492  speed: 1.4188681716674931 batches / s
batch: 19600  loss: 0.21757778525352478  speed: 1.4218841226396346 batches / s
batch: 19700  loss: 0.2309599369764328  speed: 1.362554971973392 batches / s
batch: 19800  loss: 0.23969298601150513  speed: 1.3983937654375616 batches / s
batch: 19900  loss: 0.23989509046077728  speed: 1.3854887855619515 batches / s

The following is some samples of the output it generates. It definitely could use more training to help it. The fact that the posts contain some code, numbers and jargon probably doesn’t help either.

Sentence:
the installed.
 display install wiflinut for ray run process queue every monday, wednesday and friday ran
   1000000 ractine resitely and configure a firewall to only allow certain ip numbers a
   connection to show that the board is
   powered. there are a concatenated version of the log.txt
cacking out of the full -ho 1 than i could have it may be set the
   command which just restart the “how ther have up suncals
   regulator, frequency valies.
   more data. i sho, vift…
sudo selond

   below is

Sentence:
the whole hmad can noid through the server and logged
in a while later and the shutdown script had recorded failed pings into
systemctl.

i was not ne rewent when it shuts down.

for a help afout shourd entire (but mean most looking a series of
for clean ubuntu server install will prompt for a username and password to access folders as
well, especially if the users and password is needed autosuspend should oright. it level, no 62 defanly 34-fermentation crontab, still radio
shar

 

 

 

I is has Cheezburger

Greens

Food Preparation, Unpolished Gems, ,

Greens, always good with a cheezburger.

Greens, collard or kale or both

Cut up a medium onion, medium chop. Put this into a pan in which you have melted coconut oil or bacon fat plus a bit of olive oil. Plus about 1 tbsp of sesame oil

Cover and cook slowly, incorporate some dried curry, a few tbsp. Stir occasionally

Meanwhile cut up 4 garlic cloves, dice well and place the garlic on top of the onions in the pan and allow it to cook this way for a few minutes before stirring.

Stir the mixture, be careful with the heat once the garlic is in, burning it is bad.

Meanwhile prepare the greens, Cut them de-stem, all the prep gets done while slowly cooking the Onion, garlic & curry.

Collard Greens, Swiss
Fill the pan with the greens; kind of overfill it a bit. Add some broth or stock, vegetable, chicken, whatever you have on hand. This flavors and produces steam.

Put on a lid. Increase to medium heat for a while. Stirring occasionally, add in some Teriyaki or soy or both. Plus a bit of Worcestershire sauce. A few tbsp of each.

Next cut up some ginger, dice finely.

Push the greens to one side of the pan and put the ginger in the open area with a bit of oil, olive oil works good. Cook for a few minutes.

Stir the entire mixture, add more broth or stock, and reduce heat to low. Lid back on.

Cook for up to one hour on low, check occasionally and add more broth or stock.

When the greens are fully wilted and have soaked up the flavors, they are done.

Penguin

Raspberry Pi Bridge from Wireless to Ethernet

Linux, Raspberry Pi, Raspberry Pi Server, Unpolished Gems, , , , , , ,

The sky, when the stars rise, the stars fly away, the stars weep.

Setting up a bridge wlan0 to eth0 on a Raspberrypi

This is for an ipv4 Bridge connection between WAN and LAN using a Raspberrypi. Another Linux computer would also work instead of a Raspberrypi. Some of this is basically a dump of note that I took while trying to get this up and running in 2017. This post may be of use to someone who is struggling to get this sort of thing going as some of the sources on the net were not always clear on how to do it and validate it’s operation.

The idea with this plan is to have the R-Pi act as a router and hand out addresses to devices on the network and do a DNS masquerade on the eth0 connection. It will also forward ipV4 packets in BOTH directions, thereby bridging a wired and wireless networks. Note: Devices running on the LAN will require setting up a default route to the gateway on the WLAN to see devices on the WLAN.

Why Setup a wlan0 to eth0 Bridge

I had to do this to allow a connection between a ZTE WiFi hotspot that did not have any Ethernet connection port and a need to connect a set of desktop computers that only have Ethernet ports to the Internet. Essentially I have two networks, one is WiFi, one hardwired and they machines have to be able to reach the Internet and each other from both sides. The Ethernet machines are connected to a switch with a router connected to it acting as an access point, DHCP set to off. This network is on an “island” that needed to be bridge via WLAN to get out to the Internet via the ZTE hotspot.

Install dnsmasq

dnsmasq is a lightweight program that will run as a service that will take care of the DNS and the DHCP functions that are required to make the R-Pi act as a router and bridge.

sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get upgrade -y && sudo apt-get install rpi-update dnsmasq -y
 sudo rpi-update

Static IP on Ethernet Connection

Next, setup a static ip for the dhcp server. Edit /etc/network/interfaces to make the R-Pi reside at a static address on the wired network. In this example it is setup for 192.168.1.17, the typical gateway address for a router on a 192.168.1.0 network, would be 192.168.1.1 which was the gateway at one time on this network. There is nothing magical about the 192.168.1.1 address, a default gateway can exist on any valid address, excluding 192.168.1.0 and 255.

NOTICE THAT THE DEFAULT GATEWAY FOR THE eth0 IS NOT SET! This is important because the default gateway should be grabbed from the WiFi network and not the wired, which in my case is not connected to the Internet. It will go to the Ethernet first by default if there are two default gateways, WLAN and LAN.

Router Settings

If there is a router on the network, it is important to turn off DHCP on it as it does not have to hand out addresses anymore. It should just behave as a switch instead, just forwarding packets in/out of all ports including WiFi if it has it and this option is wanted, then it will function as an AP ( Access Point) as well on it’s own network (192.168.1.0/24 in my case).

 

erick@raspberrypi ~ $ cat /etc/network/interfaces
 auto lo

iface lo inet loopback
 #iface eth0 inet dhcp

iface eth0 inet static
 address 192.168.1.17
 netmask 255.255.255.0
 network 192.168.1.0
 broadcast 192.168.1.255
 #gateway 192.168.1.1
 # nameservers
 dns-nameservers 8.8.8.8 8.8.4.4

allow-hotplug wlan0
 iface wlan0 inet manual
 wpa-roam /etc/wpa_supplicant/wpa_supplicant.conf
 iface default inet dhcp

Sanity Check using mtr, a.k.a. My Trace Route

Running mtr shows a direct route to Optiplex-790, running mtr from Optiplex-790 to 192.168.128.1 shows a bounce via the R-pi.

See Appendix 1 for more info.

Configure dnsmasq via /etc/dnsmasq.conf

Copy the rather wordy original to a backup copy and use sudo nano to edit in new details. The listen address will be the same as entered into the /etc/network/interfaces file for the R-Pi now that it is at a static address, mine is at 192.168.1.17 for example. Server is the dns server that dnsmasq will be using to do it’s masquerade magic. This can be a comma separated list. I have Google in there for DNS at 8.8.8.8, but an ISP would do as well. Sometimes the router upstream includes a caching DNS and it can be included as well. If the upstream router does have a caching DNS this helps a bit with lookups as the lookup table will be maintained locally as a cache of frequently visited web addresses. Having a local lookup for DNS has less delays than reaching out on the web for every word address to IP numeric address translation.

Address Reservation

For dncp-range I am choosing from 192.168.1.20-192.168.1.255 as the ones below 20 on my network are kept in reserve for static addresses.

Backup and then edit…

sudo mv /etc/dnsmasq.conf /etc/dnsmasq.conf.orig
 sudo nano /etc/dnsmasq.conf

/etc/dnsmasq.conf example

This is the one that I am using for the R-pi bridge. R-Pi is static on 192.168.1.17. DNS server is Googles 8.8.8.8 and I am reserving addresses from 192.168.1.0-20.

interface=eth0      # Use interface eth0
 listen-address=192.168.1.17 # Explicitly specify the address to listen on
 bind-interfaces      # Bind to the interface to make sure we aren't sending things elsewhere
 server=8.8.8.8       # Forward DNS requests to Google DNS
 domain-needed        # Don't forward short names
 bogus-priv           # Never forward addresses in the non-routed address spaces.
 dhcp-range=192.168.1.20,192.168.1.255,12h # Assign IP addresses between 192.168.1.20,192.168.1.255  with a 12 hour lease time

 

Enable IPv4 forwarding

The R-pi kernel has to be told explicitly to forward IPv4 packets between wlan0 and eth0.

sudo nano /etc/sysctl.conf

Fin and UNCOMMENT the following line

 net.ipv4.ip_forward=1

TO APPLY CHANGE WITHOUT A REBOOT

sudo sh -c "echo 1 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward"

IPTABLES rules update

iptables needs a few rules added to it to cover the DNS masquerading and accepting packets forwarded from wlan0 to eth0 and in the other direction. Execute the following commands to add the rules to iptables.

sudo iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -o wlan0 -j MASQUERADE
 sudo iptables -A FORWARD -i wlan0 -o eth0 -m state --state RELATED,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT
 sudo iptables -A FORWARD -i eth0 -o wlan0 -j ACCEPT

iptables will keep it’s info as long as the machine is booted up. Needs a reload when rebooted.

THE STUFF BELOW IS NOT NEEDED AS THE PI HAS A METHOD TO RESTORE THE IPTABLES VIA iptable-save.sh
HAVE NOT DONE THIS YET as of 12/12/2017

sudo sh -c “iptables-save > /etc/iptables.ipv4.nat”

HOOK FILE

sudo nano /lib/dhcpcd/dhcpcd-hooks/70-ipv4-nat

ADD…

iptables-restore < /etc/iptables.ipv4.nat

—————————————————-

 

—————————————————–

On the PC – Optiplex-790

I  set up the main desktop PC as static IP via Edit Connections on the GUI.

Configure Wired Connection 1 as IPv4 Settings, Manual with address as 192.168.1.18 netmask 255.255.255.0 and gateway as the R-pi at 192.168.1.17

DNS servers, the R-pi itself 192.168.1.17 and Google at 8.8.8.8. It might be possible to have 192.168.128.1 as well as that might be a caching DNS on the upstream ZTE WiFi hotspot. It might have a caching DNS server inside of the Sprint Box itself, not sure and requires looking at the specs for it.

Feasibility Test Using a PC as a Bridge

Before I went through the trouble of setting up the R-Pi as a bridge I did a sanity check/prototype by using a PC as a bridge. By taking the WiFi USB dongle and plugging it into the PC, Optiplex-790 running Linux Mint. I was able to test the feasibility out beforehand.

Create shared connection

On an initial test of setting up the network, before digging into the R-pi to do this, I shared the wifi to the eth via editing the Wired Connection 1 and sharing under IPv4 Settings. But it puts it on a 10.42.0.x network. Use the following to change this…

In versions before 1.4.2, 10.42.0.x is hard-coded into NetworkManager. The choice is either upgrade to Ubuntu 17.04, with version 1.4.4, or go the easy way and use the following command from Thomas Haller to set the host IP and class. For my setup it was 192.168.1.18…

nmcli connection modify $CONNECTION_ID +ipv4.addresses 192.168.1.18/24

where $CONNECTION_ID if found via…

 nmcli connection show

… Afterwards, verify with…

nmcli connection show $CONNECTION_ID.

from …
https://askubuntu.com/questions/609645/configure-connection-sharing-with-specific-ip-address

ANY CHANGES MADE TO THE CONNECTION EDITOR REQUIRES A DISCONNECT AND RECONNECT TO APPLY THE CHANGES!!

Uncheck and Recheck Enable Networking

erick@OptiPlex-790 ~ $ nmcli connection show
 NAME                   UUID                                  TYPE             DEVICE
 Wired connection 1     1a2d9768-104d-3714-814c-57ea2faff63b  802-3-ethernet   eno1
 NETGEAR63              13f543ac-ea4b-455e-9ff7-9e0ecaddb139  802-11-wireless  --
 SprintHotspot2.4-BA3A  b85d60f9-5875-4eaa-a0c0-df43d174c869  802-11-wireless  --
...Verification that the change took hold after setting via nmcli connection modify command...
 erick@OptiPlex-790 ~ $ nmcli connection show 1a2d9768-104d-3714-814c-57ea2faff63b
 connection.id:                          Wired connection 1
 connection.uuid:                        1a2d9768-104d-3714-814c-57ea2faff63b
 connection.interface-name:              --
 connection.type:                        802-3-ethernet
 connection.autoconnect:                 yes
 connection.autoconnect-priority:        -999
 connection.timestamp:                   1513298233
 connection.read-only:                   no
 connection.permissions:
 connection.zone:                        --
 connection.master:                      --
 connection.slave-type:                  --
 connection.autoconnect-slaves:          -1 (default)
 connection.secondaries:
 connection.gateway-ping-timeout:        0
 connection.metered:                     unknown
 connection.lldp:                        -1 (default)
 802-3-ethernet.port:                    --
 802-3-ethernet.speed:                   0
 802-3-ethernet.duplex:                  full
 802-3-ethernet.auto-negotiate:          yes
 802-3-ethernet.mac-address:             18:03:73:D1:52:FC
 802-3-ethernet.cloned-mac-address:      --
 802-3-ethernet.mac-address-blacklist:
 802-3-ethernet.mtu:                     auto
 802-3-ethernet.s390-subchannels:
 802-3-ethernet.s390-nettype:            --
 802-3-ethernet.s390-options:
 802-3-ethernet.wake-on-lan:             1 (default)
 802-3-ethernet.wake-on-lan-password:    --
 ipv4.method:                            manual
 ipv4.dns:                               192.168.1.17,8.8.8.8
 ipv4.dns-search:
 ipv4.dns-options:                       (default)
 ipv4.dns-priority:                      0
  ipv4.addresses:                         192.168.1.18/24
 ipv4.gateway:                           192.168.1.17
 ipv4.routes:
 ipv4.route-metric:                      -1
 ipv4.ignore-auto-routes:                no
 ipv4.ignore-auto-dns:                   no
 ipv4.dhcp-client-id:                    --
 ipv4.dhcp-timeout:                      0
 ipv4.dhcp-send-hostname:                yes
 ipv4.dhcp-hostname:                     --
 ipv4.dhcp-fqdn:                         --
 ipv4.never-default:                     no
 ipv4.may-fail:                          yes
 ipv4.dad-timeout:                       -1 (default)
 ipv6.method:                            auto
 ipv6.dns:
 ipv6.dns-search:
 ipv6.dns-options:                       (default)
 ipv6.dns-priority:                      0
 ipv6.addresses:
 ipv6.gateway:                           --
 ipv6.routes:
 ipv6.route-metric:                      -1
 ipv6.ignore-auto-routes:                no
 ipv6.ignore-auto-dns:                   no
 ipv6.never-default:                     no
 ipv6.may-fail:                          yes
 ipv6.ip6-privacy:                       0 (disabled)
 ipv6.addr-gen-mode:                     stable-privacy
 ipv6.dhcp-send-hostname:                yes
 ipv6.dhcp-hostname:                     --
 GENERAL.NAME:                           Wired connection 1
 GENERAL.UUID:                           1a2d9768-104d-3714-814c-57ea2faff63b
 GENERAL.DEVICES:                        eno1
 GENERAL.STATE:                          activated
 GENERAL.DEFAULT:                        yes
 GENERAL.DEFAULT6:                       no
 GENERAL.VPN:                            no
 GENERAL.ZONE:                           --
 GENERAL.DBUS-PATH:                      /org/freedesktop/NetworkManager/ActiveConnection/14
 GENERAL.CON-PATH:                       /org/freedesktop/NetworkManager/Settings/1
 GENERAL.SPEC-OBJECT:                    /
 GENERAL.MASTER-PATH:                    --
  IP4.ADDRESS[1]:                         192.168.1.18/24
 IP4.GATEWAY:                            192.168.1.17
 IP4.ROUTE[1]:                           dst = 169.254.0.0/16, nh = 0.0.0.0, mt = 1000
 IP4.DNS[1]:                             192.168.1.17
 IP4.DNS[2]:                             8.8.8.8
 IP6.ADDRESS[1]:                         fe80::7abb:ec07:22dc:c7bd/64
 IP6.GATEWAY:

Looking at the ZTE WiFi Hotspot as seen from the Optiplex-790

erick@OptiPlex-790 ~ $ nmcli connection show b85d60f9-5875-4eaa-a0c0-df43d174c869
 connection.id:                          SprintHotspot2.4-BA3A
 connection.uuid:                        b85d60f9-5875-4eaa-a0c0-df43d174c869
 connection.interface-name:              --
 connection.type:                        802-11-wireless
 connection.autoconnect:                 yes
 connection.autoconnect-priority:        0
 connection.timestamp:                   1513128371
 connection.read-only:                   no
 connection.permissions:
 connection.zone:                        --
 connection.master:                      --
 connection.slave-type:                  --
 connection.autoconnect-slaves:          -1 (default)
 connection.secondaries:
 connection.gateway-ping-timeout:        0
 connection.metered:                     unknown
 connection.lldp:                        -1 (default)
 802-11-wireless.ssid:                   SprintHotspot2.4-B838

802-11-wireless.mode:                   infrastructure
 802-11-wireless.band:                   --
 802-11-wireless.channel:                0
 802-11-wireless.bssid:                  --
 802-11-wireless.rate:                   0
 802-11-wireless.tx-power:               0
 802-11-wireless.mac-address:            08:86:3B:04:85:88
 802-11-wireless.cloned-mac-address:     --
 802-11-wireless.mac-address-blacklist:
 802-11-wireless.mac-address-randomization:default
 802-11-wireless.mtu:                    auto
 802-11-wireless.seen-bssids:            34:69:87:BB:B8:38
 802-11-wireless.hidden:                 no
 802-11-wireless.powersave:              default (0)
 802-11-wireless-security.key-mgmt:      wpa-psk
 802-11-wireless-security.wep-tx-keyidx: 0
 802-11-wireless-security.auth-alg:      --
 802-11-wireless-security.proto:
 802-11-wireless-security.pairwise:
 802-11-wireless-security.group:
 802-11-wireless-security.leap-username: --
 802-11-wireless-security.wep-key0:      <hidden>
 802-11-wireless-security.wep-key1:      <hidden>
 802-11-wireless-security.wep-key2:      <hidden>
 802-11-wireless-security.wep-key3:      <hidden>
 802-11-wireless-security.wep-key-flags: 0 (none)
 802-11-wireless-security.wep-key-type:  0 (unknown)
 802-11-wireless-security.psk:           <hidden>
 802-11-wireless-security.psk-flags:     0 (none)
 802-11-wireless-security.leap-password: <hidden>
 802-11-wireless-security.leap-password-flags:0 (none)
 ipv4.method:                            auto
 ipv4.dns:                               8.8.8.8,8.8.4.4
 ipv4.dns-search:
 ipv4.dns-options:                       (default)
 ipv4.dns-priority:                      0
 ipv4.addresses:
 ipv4.gateway:                           --
 ipv4.routes:
 ipv4.route-metric:                      -1
 ipv4.ignore-auto-routes:                no
 ipv4.ignore-auto-dns:                   no
 ipv4.dhcp-client-id:                    --
 ipv4.dhcp-timeout:                      0
 ipv4.dhcp-send-hostname:                yes
 ipv4.dhcp-hostname:                     --
 ipv4.dhcp-fqdn:                         --
 ipv4.never-default:                     no
 ipv4.may-fail:                          yes
 ipv4.dad-timeout:                       -1 (default)
 ipv6.method:                            auto
 ipv6.dns:
 ipv6.dns-search:
 ipv6.dns-options:                       (default)
 ipv6.dns-priority:                      0
 ipv6.addresses:
 ipv6.gateway:                           --
 ipv6.routes:
 ipv6.route-metric:                      -1
 ipv6.ignore-auto-routes:                no
 ipv6.ignore-auto-dns:                   no
 ipv6.never-default:                     no
 ipv6.may-fail:                          yes
 ipv6.ip6-privacy:                       0 (disabled)
 ipv6.addr-gen-mode:                     stable-privacy
 ipv6.dhcp-send-hostname:                yes
 ipv6.dhcp-hostname:                     --

Note: Needed to Add a Route on a Machine Connected to Raspberry Pi via Ethernet

I needed to add a route to the rpi to get to the 192.168.1.0/24 network.

I THOUGHT that this had worked automatically initially. It seemed that I could at least get to the pi at http://raspberrypi and 192.168.1.17.

But really a route is needed to the 192.168.1.0/24 network via the raspberrypi.rputer on 192.168.128.X

sudo route add -net 192.168.1.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 gw 192.168.128.46

there is a helper file for this in ~/bin add-route-to-192.168.1.0.sh

erick@media-pc ~/Music $ route
 Kernel IP routing table
 Destination     Gateway         Genmask         Flags Metric Ref    Use Iface
 default         192.168.128.1   0.0.0.0         UG    600    0        0 wlx08863b02838f
 link-local      *               255.255.0.0     U     1000   0        0 wlx08863b02838f
 192.168.1.0     raspberrypi.rou 255.255.255.0   UG    0      0        0 wlx08863b02838f
 192.168.128.0   *               255.255.255.0   U     600    0        0 wlx08863b02838f

using mtr to a device on the 192.168.1.0 network confirms hw packets are routed through!

————————————————————————————–

NETSTAT VERY HELPFUL

netstat –help
usage: netstat [-vWeenNcCF] [<Af>] -r         netstat {-V|–version|-h|–help}
netstat [-vWnNcaeol] [<Socket> …]
netstat { [-vWeenNac] -i | [-cWnNe] -M | -s }

-r, –route              display routing table
-i, –interfaces         display interface table
-g, –groups             display multicast group memberships
-s, –statistics         display networking statistics (like SNMP)
-M, –masquerade         display masqueraded connections

-v, –verbose            be verbose
-W, –wide               don’t truncate IP addresses
-n, –numeric            don’t resolve names
–numeric-hosts          don’t resolve host names
–numeric-ports          don’t resolve port names
–numeric-users          don’t resolve user names
-N, –symbolic           resolve hardware names
-e, –extend             display other/more information
-p, –programs           display PID/Program name for sockets
-c, –continuous         continuous listing

-l, –listening          display listening server sockets
-a, –all, –listening   display all sockets (default: connected)
-o, –timers             display timers
-F, –fib                display Forwarding Information Base (default)
-C, –cache              display routing cache instead of FIB

<Socket>={-t|–tcp} {-u|–udp} {-w|–raw} {-x|–unix} –ax25 –ipx –netrom
<AF>=Use ‘-6|-4’ or ‘-A <af>’ or ‘–<af>’; default: inet
List of possible address families (which support routing):
inet (DARPA Internet) inet6 (IPv6) ax25 (AMPR AX.25)
netrom (AMPR NET/ROM) ipx (Novell IPX) ddp (Appletalk DDP)
x25 (CCITT X.25)

—————————————————————————————

APPENDIX 1:

https://raspberrypi.stackexchange.com/questions/8010/internet-access-via-1-of-2-network-interfaces

You need to verify that you DO NOT have a default gateway set on your ETH0 interface. It has probably been assigned by DHCP, so you may have to address it statically, edit your router configuration. You will also need to verify that you have a default gateway on your WLAN interface.

Post the output of ip route show when both interfaces are connected for more detailed response.

You also need to ensure that your two routers are on different subnets. For example, the network connected to ETH0 could be 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0, and WLAN0 could be 192.168.0.0 255.255.255.0, but they have to be on different networks. More on subnet mask

Finally you may want to read up on local routing for Debian systems.

Sorry I can’t be more specific, but there could be a book written to explain this topic. If you get stuck, or have a more specific question after doing a little reading, please let me know. I would be happy to help.

EDIT: Based on the added ip route show, you need to re-address one of your networks so the pi knows they are not connected. You may still have gateway issues, but that is where you need to start.
shareimprove this answer

edited Jun 18 ’13 at 16:13

answered Jun 17 ’13 at 22:38
Butters
1,339522

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eth0 is always preferred interface over wireless, you will need to issue command route -n to see your routes and then probably change default routing using:

$ sudo route add default gw 192.168.1.1 wlan0

just use correct address for your wireless router.

Blue Screen of Death Again!

Wget an ISO or other large file in the background

Linux, Unpolished Gems,

Let us forget the past. And remember that the past is a gift of the present, not a substitute for the future.

I was trying to download the Debian testing DVD ISO and it looked like it would take a while, many hours and I wanted to power off the machine.  This was back a while ago with slower internet but, this topic is still relevant. Normally I use the torrent for the distro file, but on the testing branch of Debian, none were available.

The solution

I have a Raspberry Pi, it’s running 24/7, let it do the work overnight and I can just power down my machine and not worry about the download.
Instead of downloading the file itself, I grabbed the link to the download location.
Then executed

wget -c https://gensho.ftp.acc.umu.se/cdimage/buster_di_alpha2/amd64/iso-dvd/debian-buster-DI-alpha2-amd64-DVD-1.iso
Output...
 --2018-02-07 18:15:27-- https://gensho.ftp.acc.umu.se/cdimage/buster_di_alpha2/amd64/iso-dvd/debian-buster-DI-alpha2-amd64-DVD-1.iso
 Resolving gensho.ftp.acc.umu.se (gensho.ftp.acc.umu.se)... 194.71.11.176, 2001:6b0:19::176
 Connecting to gensho.ftp.acc.umu.se (gensho.ftp.acc.umu.se)|194.71.11.176|:443... connected.
 HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK
 Length: 3864182784 (3.6G) [application/x-iso9660-image]
 Saving to: `debian-buster-DI-alpha2-amd64-DVD-1.iso'

Suceess!

Now all I have to do is put the task in the background via Ctrl-Z and then bg and I detach from SSH’ing into the R-Pi and it will just download in the background to the harddrive tethered to it’s USB port. When you enter bg it will still print it’s progress to the screen, but the terminal can be closed out fine.
There is a -b option for wget that will launch it, into the background from the start as well.

ps aux|grep wget

…will confirm that it is running still…

 erick 12438 7.0 2.2 13120 10996 ? S 18:15 2:46 wget -c https://gensho.ftp.acc.umu.se/cdimage/buster_di_alpha2/amd64/iso-dvd/debian-buster-DI-alpha2-amd64-DVD-1.iso

Watch

While in the directory that it is downloading a watch command can be used to see the progress of the download…

watch ls -l debian-buster-DI-alpha2-amd64-DVD-1.iso

 

Output…

Every 2.0s: ls -l debian-buster-DI-alpha2-amd64-DVD... Wed Feb 7 18:56:25 2018

-rw-r--r-- 1 erick erick 280608768 Feb 7 18:56 debian-buster-DI-alpha2-amd64-DV
 D-1.iso

This will show a progressive increase in file size, in case you want to monitor it.

 

Forest Gallery

How to Generate Art Demo Followup

Image Generation, Machine Learning, , , ,

Only the imagination grows out of its limitations.

In the example shown in the previous post I used 20 iterations at 512×512. A few lingering questions that might be asked are…

  1. What about more iterations?
  2. What about a lower resolution, like 256×256 ?
  3. Machine learning code typical initializes using random parameters will this affect the image in another identical run ?

 

20 Iterations and 50 Iterations

More iterations up to a point make for a better image. There is a point where the loss value deltas get smaller between iterations and a point of diminishing returns is reached. Not much difference that can be seen happens beyond 20 iterations for this run. There are minor details that have changed but you have to really look carefully to pick them out.

Start of iteration 0
Current loss value: 1.68853e+11
Iteration 0 completed in 672s
Start of iteration 1
Current loss value: 1.06826e+11
Iteration 1 completed in 616s
Start of iteration 2
Current loss value: 7.61243e+10
Iteration 2 completed in 594s
Start of iteration 3
Current loss value: 5.69757e+10
Iteration 3 completed in 501s
Start of iteration 4
Current loss value: 4.73256e+10
Iteration 4 completed in 496s
Start of iteration 5
…..
Start of iteration 9
Current loss value: 3.22461e+10
Iteration 9 completed in 498s

……
Start of iteration 19
Current loss value: 2.63259e+10
Iteration 19 completed in 471s
…….
Start of iteration 49
Current loss value: 2.26513e+10
Iteration 49 completed in 592s

Lower Resolution

The model will perform poorly on lower resolutions, even with 20 iterations, 256×256 will look sloppy and abstract. The only reason to go this low would be to run a bunch of iterations fast to see if it worth trying at higher resolution. Kind of like a preview. On my machine the 256×256 iterations run about 5x faster than the 512×512 iterations.

Random Initialization

Because the machine learning model loads itself with random weights and biases at the start of a model run and works from that as a starting point there is some variations in the results from run to run. This can be seen in theses images as there are slight variations in the results. Sometimes it is worth running the model over and over and then hand picking the best result from a batch of outputs.

As an aside. In some machine learning code it is possible to seed the random number generator so that the random starting point is not really random but seeded to be able to reproduce the same results. Occasionally I have had to do this when training genetic algorithms for trading, hand built code, so total control on my part. I basically want a reference run against which I can gauge future changes to the code against. By using a standard set of input, a fixed time series and seeded random initialization, I get the same tuning every time. Then if a change happens in the code, I know it is a code change and not in the data. Have a reference copy archive makes it reproducible.

Citrus

Animal, Vegetable, Miracle

Unpolished Gems, , , , , , , , ,

Animal, Vegetable, Miracle: A Year of Food Life Barbara Kingsolver

http://www.animalvegetablemiracle.com/

The happiest day of my life? Well, I can’t quite say that reading a book falls under that category, but I do remember picking up this book over the summer of 2017 and waiting until winter to read it. And let me tell you, it was especially good over the winter months – which can be quite bleak around where I live. You see, reading about food and gardening gets the mind thinking forward to spring and looking forward to experimenting with new recipes and gardening techniques.

Buying Local

Barbara Kingsolver writes quite a bit about buying local and the costs of shipping exotic food from faraway places. And let’s be honest, the fuel involved in the growing and shipping of food from thousands of miles away doesn’t make a whole lot of sense. But, it seems like the trend has only increased over the past years. However, there’s also been an offsetting trend of local food and farmers’ markets, which have grown a lot in the past 10 years.

Hubs

One fuel wasteful trend, but one that seems to be popular in terms of shippers’ efficiencies, is the hub. In other words, shipping things to a central hub from which they have to fan out. This helps the shippers move things more efficiently and organized, at the expense of more fuel as products sometimes have to double back along their path. An extreme example of this is the US Postal Service. Nowadays, the little slot for in-town delivery has been taped over. So, a letter that would have been hand-carried by me to the PO and then hand-carried to the local address by the postal worker, now does a 300-mile round trip in a truck to get delivered, in the same town. This example exists over and over as delivery has moved to the hub style of distribution.

Overpackaging

The other trend I have noticed is over packaging. This is probably due to product loss. One product gets broken at one point and company policy is to double-box it from that point on. For instance, I ordered a wrench, solid steel, and it arrived in a large box that could have held 8-10 of the type of box that was in it, actually holding the wrench. Obviously, a lot of air, plastic and cardboard is getting shipped around the world daily.

Trifoliate Orange

But enough about all that, let’s talk about something a little more interesting – plants. Her book mentions the Trifoliate Orange, which grows in Southern Appalachia and tolerates temperatures down to -20C/-4F. I read about this plant in another book of Kingsolver’s called Prodigal Summer. In that book, it is not mentioned by name, but a little research led me to the conclusion that it has to be the Trifoliate Orange. Animal, Vegetable, Miracle confirmed it for me. I got one as a Christmas gift, good timing as I was far enough into the book by the Christmas season to know I wanted one!

I have been raising citrus plants since I was quite young. I would collect the seeds and see what comes up, and citrus seemed pretty easy to manage as a houseplant. So, when a unique citrus plant came to my attention that just might be able to winter over outside in my Northern Appalachian climate, I jumped on it.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trifoliate_orange

Trifoliate Orange (Hardy Orange)

https://www.uaex.edu/yard-garden/resource-library/plant-week/hardy-orange-2-9-07.aspx

Stacks of Coin

Bitcoin’s Soft Underbelly

ChatGPT, Cryptocurrency, My Thoughts, , , ,

The best way to make money is to go out and do it yourself.

Hey ChatGPT, Do you what Bitcoin is?

Yes, I am familiar with Bitcoin. Bitcoin is a decentralized digital currency that uses cryptography for security and is supported by a peer-to-peer network. It was created in 2009 by an unknown individual or group of individuals using the pseudonym Satoshi Nakamoto.

Bitcoin is based on a distributed ledger technology called the blockchain, which allows it to operate without the need for a central authority. Transactions are recorded in blocks, which are linked together in a chain. This chain of blocks is secured using complex mathematical algorithms, which makes it extremely difficult to alter the record of transactions.

Bitcoin can be used to send and receive payments over the internet, and it has attracted a lot of attention due to its potential to disrupt traditional financial systems. However, it has also been associated with criminal activities, and its value can be volatile.

Hidden Risks

Just to linger on the topic for a moment, Bitcoin, has another risk that does not get enough mention. Cryptography has a shelf life and eventually breaks, either via some discovery of a short path to crack a private key given a public key or collisions. Bitcoin uses SHA256 encryption which seems safe for now but, as with all hash algorithms, there is no closed form solution that shows it is watertight. It’s more along the lines of, well the last cryptographic code broke because of X,Y or Z, so lets beef the new one up to be stronger in those areas. But, someone might find a crack in SHA256 tomorrow, just like what happened for SHA-1 not too long ago From what I recall it was a university research project that broke it. Or looking at the second failure mode, when will brute force collision with a large number of private keys become possible and profitable, It’s only a matter of time. 256 bits is a lot a space to brute force through. But, computing power (Now multi threaded quantum computing too ) grows over time and large entities such as nation states with deep pockets could do something like this at some point in the not so distant future. Is this possible, who knows now, but someday it might.

There are known knowns, known unknowns and then the ones that get you when you least expect it, unknown unknowns and this risk clearly falls in that category.

Interesting to Skim

https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/M-23-02-M-Memo-on-Migrating-to-Post-Quantum-Cryptography.pdf

Immaculatorium

Immaculatorium

Unpolished Gems, , ,

Imagination comes to earth in mysterious ways, in the presence of its own eyes and through its ears.

Typically seen in 1960’s-70’s suburban houses as a second living room or an equivalent space that is maintained more as a museum piece rather than an actual living space. It usually contains furniture that is primarily used as a display and may be covered in plastic. Infrequently rugs covered in plastic may be seen as well. Typically the room is strictly off limits for small children, pets and most guests. It is typically situated in an area of the house that permits easy viewing as it’s purpose is to inspire a sense of suburban perfection.

Occasionally the room is actually used for important occasions such as once in a life time events, major birthdays ( usually ending in a zero ) or more infrequently, holidays.

Although the room may always look immaculate and usable, over time the furniture may degrade internally. Degradation occurs as the foam and leather becomes stiff over time from non-use. If the couches and chairs are used at some point, the materials may not have any natural resiliency left causing permanent wrinkles on the leather and permanent deformation of the foam inside the couches and chairs.

Immaculatorium View
Immaculatorium View

As of January 2023 the term Immaculatorium, is not on search via Google but is on DuckGODuck…

https://www.google.com/search?client=firefox-b-1-lm&q=Immaculatorium

https://duckduckgo.com/?q=Immaculatorium&t=h_&ia=web

 

wave-1

Wave

Image Generation, Machine Learning, , , ,

wave-galleryOnly the imagination grows out of its limitations.

A while ago I played around with some code that was based on the following paper. One of the first things that I tried it on was a sample of the famous wave painting, styled by an actual wave.

A Neural Algorithm of Artistic Style

Leon A. Gatys,1,2,3∗Alexander S. Ecker,1,2,4,5Matthias Bethge1,2,41Werner Reichardt Centre for Integrative Neuroscienceand Institute of Theoretical Physics, University of T ̈ubingen, Germany2Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience, T ̈ubingen, Germany3Graduate School for Neural Information Processing, T ̈ubingen, Germany4Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, T ̈ubingen, Germany5Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA∗

Fine art, especially painting, humans have mastered the skill to create unique visual experiences through composing a complex interplay between the con-tent and style of an image. Thus far the algorithmic basis of this process is unknown and there exists no artificial system with similar capabilities. How-ever, in other key areas of visual perception such as object and face recognition near-human performance was recently demonstrated by a class of biologically inspired vision models called Deep Neural Networks.1, 2Here we introduce an artificial system based on a Deep Neural Network that creates artistic images of high perceptual quality. The system uses neural representations to sepa-rate and recombine content and style of arbitrary images, providing a neural algorithm for the creation of artistic images. Moreover, in light of the strik-ing similarities between performance-optimised artificial neural networks and biological vision,3–7our work offers a path forward to an algorithmic under-standing of how humans create and perceive artistic imagery.1arXiv:1508.06576v2 [cs.CV] 2 Sep 2015

https://arxiv.org/pdf/1508.06576.pdf

Animation of wave image being styled
Animation of wave image being styled
Frames from the iterative process of creating the resultant image

See How to Generate Art Demo Command Line Version for more information.